Criminal Protection for Police Officers While Dealing with Riots and Protests: A study of Iraqi law compared to French and Egyptian legislation

Abstract

Global protests are escalating, bringing with them significant security and legal challenges, as police officers find themselves facing risks to their lives and physical safety. This study aims to analyze the criminal protection frameworks for police officers when dealing with riots, as the ultimate legal guarantee enabling them to perform their duties. By applying the comparative analytical approach between the legislator's behavior in Egypt, Iraq, and France, the research reveals procedural and substantive gaps in current texts. The study concluded that traditional protection may not be sufficient to counter emerging patterns of protest, necessitating the formulation of legal texts that balance administrative control powers with the protection of public freedoms. The study concludes by presenting legislative proposals that guarantee effective protection for police officers and precisely define the scope of permissibility and liability.